Criminal Justice Reform · England & Wales

Victim
NotSuspect

When digital evidence fails,
the wrong person goes to court.
We expose systemic failures in how digital evidence is gathered, verified, and disclosed in criminal proceedings — and advocate for the reform needed to prevent wrongful prosecution.
90%
of criminal cases now involve digital evidence
0
mandatory verification standards for screenshot evidence
29
recommendations from the stalking super complaint — implementation patchy
What's on this site

Navigate to what matters to you

Victim Not Suspect covers criminal justice reform, parliamentary submissions, police accountability, digital evidence standards, and practical resources. Click any section to go directly there.

If this is you

Your Experience

You are not alone. If you found out a report had been made against you before you knew anything was happening, this page is for you.

About

Mission

What Victim Not Suspect is, why it exists, and the pattern of wrongful prosecution we exist to challenge.

The Problem

Focus Areas

Digital evidence failures, DARVO dynamics, police accountability, and the disclosure framework — the four areas our work addresses.

Research

Evidence Base

The systemic failures documented in the Northumbria Digital Forensics Report and other primary research underpinning our work.

Parliamentary Work

Parliamentary Monitor

Live tracking of every bill, inquiry and consultation relevant to our work. Three submissions already on the parliamentary record.

Police Accountability

Sarah Everard

Five years on: the Angiolini Inquiry, the BBC drama in production, and what systemic police failure means for wrongly accused victims.

Reference

Resources

Primary sources, DARVO research, legal case law, the Gemini Project, and key documents for understanding and challenging wrongful prosecution.

Transparency

FOI and Data

How to use Freedom of Information requests, Subject Access Requests, and data rights to build your case and hold institutions accountable.

Ongoing Monitoring

PEEL Monitor

Tracking every PEEL inspection report in the 2025-2028 cycle, flagging grades for safeguarding vulnerable people and investigating crime across all 43 forces.

Data

Intelligence

Force-by-force misconduct data, IOPC complaint statistics, and news from across the criminal justice system.

If you need help

What to Do

Practical steps if you have been wrongly accused or arrested, including what to document, who to contact, and how to begin building your response.

Organisations

Useful Links

Charities, legal organisations, campaign groups, and official bodies that can help, from the Suzy Lamplugh Trust to the Gemini Project.

Video and Audio

Watch and Listen

Jennifer Freyd on DARVO, Laura Richards on stalking, the BBC Panorama Post Office documentary, and the Research in Practice podcast with Dr Olumide Adisa.

You are not alone

If this is happening to you, this is what it looks like

You find out a report has been made against you. Not because anyone told you — but because something appears: a record, a warning, a document that already treats you as the suspect. The person who has been stalking or harassing you made contact with police before you knew anything was happening. By the time you find out, a narrative already exists.

You try to report what is actually happening to you. Your report is not investigated. Nobody asks to see your evidence. The officers who took the earlier report do not follow up. You are told things about the situation that later turn out not to be accurate.

Then you are arrested. It happens at a time and in a way you did not expect. Devices are taken from you — your phone, your laptop, perhaps a work device. You are shown evidence you have never seen before: screenshots, messages, content that you do not recognise or that you know to be false. You are not believed.

The people around you struggle to understand. The charge sounds serious. The person who reported you presents as credible and distressed. You are the one who has been arrested. The system has decided who the victim is — and it is not you.

This is a documented pattern. It has a name: DARVO — Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender. It is not a one-off failure. It is a systemic gap in how digital evidence is handled, how reports are assessed, and how the criminal justice system identifies who it is protecting. It happens because unverified screenshots are accepted at face value, because the person who reports first shapes the narrative, and because actual victims' own reports go uninvestigated while a prosecution is built against them.

You are not the first person this has happened to. The failure is not yours. The system was supposed to protect you — and it did not. That is what Victim Not Suspect exists to say, and to change.

What to do now Resources Contact us

Our Mission

Standing with people
wrongly accused

When police act on one side of a story — when screenshots go unverified, when the actual victim's own report goes uninvestigated, when a Community Resolution is obtained by misrepresentation — the criminal justice system becomes a tool of harm rather than protection.

Victim Not Suspect exists to challenge that. We document systemic failures in how digital evidence is handled, advocate for reform, and provide resources for anyone navigating a system that has misidentified them as the perpetrator.

Our work spans four interconnected areas: digital evidence standards, DARVO dynamics in online conduct cases, police accountability, and the disclosure framework. Everything we do is grounded in research, data, and evidence.

"The breadth and speed of digital forensics development has far outpaced the national infrastructure necessary to properly utilise it."

Griffiths, Piasecki, Carr, Anderson & Wilson
Northumbria University Digital Forensics Project, 2024

We are a reform-focused research and advocacy organisation — not a solicitors' firm. If you are facing criminal proceedings, please seek qualified legal representation.

What We Address

Four systemic failures,
one broken outcome

Digital Evidence

Failures in digital forensics

Screenshots submitted without metadata, platform verification, or chain of custody. Devices held for years without examination. Forensic illiteracy among investigators, prosecutors, and courts. Evidence that could exonerate — never sought, never disclosed.

DARVO Dynamics

Victim–offender reversal

In online conduct cases, the person who reaches law enforcement first is often treated as the victim regardless of the underlying facts. The real victim's own reports go uninvestigated. Impersonation accounts go unexamined. The system becomes a tool of abuse.

Police Accountability

Misconduct & one-sided investigation

Unlawful arrests. Misuse of Community Resolutions. Failure to investigate victim reports. Safeguarding ignored. CMHT communications unanswered. Complaints paused under sub judice cover while prosecution proceeds. We document these patterns and push for structural reform.

Disclosure Reform

CPIA failures & withheld evidence

Defence-critical material not disclosed. Platform data never requested. Witness statement versions undisclosed. Exculpatory evidence on seized devices — never examined after more than a year. The disclosure regime as applied to digital evidence is systematically broken.

Our Evidence Base

Research-grounded,
data-driven

Digital Forensics within the Criminal Justice System: Use, Effectiveness, and Impact

The Northumbria University Digital Forensics Project (2024) is the most comprehensive study of digital forensics across the criminal justice system to date. Presented to the Home Office-led Forensic Science Reform Programme Board, its findings underpin our reform agenda.

Key findings:

  • Fundamental digital forensics literacy failures across all sectors of the criminal justice system
  • Backlogs of devices awaiting examination — sometimes extending to years
  • Poor understanding of data and its limitations by investigators and prosecutors
  • An inability to properly assess the reliability and admissibility of digital evidence
  • Little or no attention paid to whether digital evidence is fact or opinion
  • Urgent review needed: magistrates' court practice does not comply with the rules of evidence or the Criminal Procedure Rules
  • The very real risk of miscarriages of justice
Griffiths, C., Piasecki, E., Carr, S., Anderson, P., & Wilson, T.J. (2024).
Digital Forensics within the Criminal Justice System. Northumbria University.
DOI: 10.25398/rd.northumbria.25395655

Read the full report →

Related Research

Suzy Lamplugh Trust Super Complaint on Policing of Stalking (2022–2024)

Submitted on behalf of the National Stalking Consortium, the super complaint found systemic failures in police response to stalking across England and Wales. The joint HMICFRS/IOPC/College of Policing investigation produced 29 recommendations and required all 43 forces to publish improvement action plans.

The super complaint addresses failures to protect victims of stalking. Victim Not Suspect addresses a related but distinct failure: cases where the police response misidentifies the victim as the perpetrator — prosecuting the person being stalked while their own reports go uninvestigated.

Read the Super Complaint and all force action plans on GOV.UK →

Why magistrates' courts matter now

The Courts and Tribunals Bill proposes to remove the right to elect Crown Court trial for either-way offences. The Northumbria report specifically calls for an urgent review of digital evidence practice in magistrates' courts. These two developments are on a collision course — and we are raising this directly with Parliament.

The screenshot problem

There are no mandatory requirements to seek platform verification, metadata, or IP data before charges are brought in cases relying on screenshot evidence. Screenshots can be fabricated or captured from impersonation accounts. Without forensic verification there is no reliable basis for determining authorship.

Community Resolution misuse

Community Resolutions are intended as low-level informal disposals. They are being used as tools of coercive control — obtained by misrepresentation, overlapping with criminal charge windows, and accepted without investigation of the underlying facts.

The DARVO pattern

Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender. Well-documented in domestic abuse literature and increasingly visible in online harassment cases. Police training rarely addresses it; digital evidence failures make it easier to execute.

Parliamentary Work

Taking the evidence
to Parliament

We submit evidence to parliamentary committees, respond to consultations, and engage with legislators on the reform agenda. We are not aligned to any political party.

Two Submissions Made
Justice Committee · Public Bill Committee · Bill 389 2024–26 · Ref: YAG640344 · CTB0087

Courts and Tribunals Bill

Victim Not Suspect has made two written submissions on this Bill. Our Justice Committee submission (ref YAG640344, published 17 March 2026) set out the full case. Our Public Bill Committee submission (8 April 2026, circulated to committee members) proposes three specific amendments around digital evidence verification, pre-charge standards, and Clause 11 propensity evidence.

25 Feb 2026Bill introduced, First Reading
11 Mar 2026Justice Committee written evidence submitted by VNS — ref YAG640344
17 Mar 2026Justice Committee oral evidence session. VNS submission published.
8 Apr 2026Public Bill Committee written evidence submitted by VNS — circulated to members
To 28 Apr 2026Public Bill Committee continues — evidence window open until 28 April
End 2026Expected Royal Assent
Our position

Five recommendations including exempting digitally-evidenced cases from jury trial removal until mandatory forensic standards are in place. Justice Committee submission published 17 March 2026 (ref YAG640344) — read it on parliament.uk. Public Bill Committee submission made 8 April 2026, circulated to all committee members.

Submitted to Home Office — Awaiting Publication
Home Office · Independent Review

Stalking Legislation Review (Wright KC)

Richard Wright KC's independent review of stalking law for the Home Office has now concluded. Wright KC examined whether the legal framework adequately covers technology-facilitated stalking and whether harassment and stalking legislation works as a coherent whole. The review has been submitted to the Home Secretary and is awaiting publication.

22 Oct 2025Richard Wright KC appointed as reviewer
Mar 2026Review submitted to the Home Secretary
NowAwaiting publication and Government response
TBCGovernment response and potential legislative change
Our position

We are monitoring this review closely. Our work on digital evidence failures in stalking prosecutions, victim misidentification, and DARVO dynamics is directly relevant to its scope. We will engage with the Government's response when published.

Submitted — 11 April 2026
Ministry of Justice · Consultation · Ref: ANON-V7KZ-BF5J-S

New Victims' Code

The MoJ consulted on a new Code of Practice for Victims of Crime under the Victims and Prisoners Act 2024. Victim Not Suspect submitted a response arguing that the Code fails an entire category of victim: those wrongly identified as suspects and prosecuted for crimes committed against them. No other organisation made this argument in these terms.

5 Feb 2026Consultation published
11 Apr 2026VNS submission made — ref ANON-V7KZ-BF5J-S
30 Apr 2026Consultation closes 11:59pm
TBCGovernment response published
Our position

The draft Code assumes victim identity is correctly determined at the point of first report. In stalking and harassment cases involving DARVO dynamics, this assumption fails. We submitted six specific proposals including a requirement that needs assessments check for prior reports by the person being assessed, and explicit recognition that a person may be a victim even where they are simultaneously subject to prosecution.

Final Stages — Ping Pong
House of Lords · HL Bill 141 2024–26

Victims and Courts Bill

A Government Bill currently in the Lords. At Committee Stage, an amendment (Chakrabarti/Arbuthnot) was tabled to remove the common law presumption of computer reliability in criminal proceedings — a legal presumption that enabled the Post Office Horizon scandal. The amendment was withdrawn following a Government commitment to ask the Lord Chancellor to write to the Criminal Procedure Rule Committee to develop new procedural safeguards.

7 May 2025Bill introduced
10 Mar 2026Lords Report Stage completed
16 Mar 2026Lords Third Reading passed
26 Mar 2026Commons considered Lords amendments
15 Apr 2026Lords consider Commons response — ping pong
TBCRoyal Assent expected shortly after ping pong concludes
Key provisions

The computer evidence amendment was withdrawn on a Government commitment — not defeated. The Government committed to ask the Lord Chancellor to write to the Criminal Procedure Rule Committee to develop new procedural safeguards for digital evidence. We are monitoring this commitment and will engage when the Committee consults. The Bill also extends the Victim Contact Scheme to stalking and harassment victims and gives the Victims' Commissioner power to investigate individual cases exposing systemic failure.

Published — Monitoring
Home Office · VAWG Strategy 2025

VAWG Strategy: Freedom from Violence and Abuse

Published 18 December 2025, the Strategy commits to specialist investigation teams in all forces, a National Centre for VAWG and Public Protection, expanded stalking risk assessment, and independent stalking victim advocates. Parliamentary scrutiny is expected; we will engage when a formal inquiry is announced.

18 Dec 2025Strategy published
2026Implementation monitoring — Home Affairs and Women & Equalities Committees active
TBCParliamentary scrutiny inquiry expected — VNS will submit if call for evidence opens
Active — Consideration of Lords Amendments
Home Office · Bill 2024–26

Crime and Policing Bill

A wide-ranging Home Office Bill now in its final Commons stages. Contains strengthened Stalking Protection Orders (SPOs), a statutory Right to Know for victims about their stalker's identity, and police reform provisions including centralised digital forensics. The Lords completed their stages and the Bill has returned to the Commons for consideration of Lords amendments.

2025Commons stages completed
25 Feb – Mar 2026Lords Report Stage completed
Apr 2026Commons consideration of Lords amendments — active
TBCRoyal Assent expected 2026
Published — Being Legislated
MoJ · Independent Review

Leveson Review of Criminal Courts

Sir Brian Leveson's two-part review found that massive digital evidence volumes are a key driver of the 75,000-case Crown Court backlog, and recommended specialist courts for sexual offences, improved digital evidence management, and prioritised RASSO case listing. Many recommendations are being implemented via the Courts and Tribunals Bill.

Jul 2025Part 1: 45 recommendations published
4 Feb 2026Part 2: 135 further recommendations published
2026Implementation via Courts and Tribunals Bill — monitoring progress
Monitoring
Home Office · Forensic Science Reform

Digital Evidence Standards Reform

The Northumbria University report (2024) called for mandatory standards for digital evidence in magistrates' courts. The Home Office Policing Reform White Paper (January 2026) proposes a Police.AI national centre (£115m) and centralised forensics to address the national backlog. We are monitoring the Government's response.

2024Northumbria report presented to Forensic Science Reform Programme Board
26 Jan 2026Police Reform White Paper published — centralised forensics proposed
Aug 2026National Digital Case File rollout expected
TBCMandatory standards consultation anticipated
Stalled — Commons Report Stage Delayed
MoJ · Bill 2024–26

Public Office (Accountability) Bill — "Hillsborough Law"

Would place a statutory duty of candour and assistance on public authorities and officials — including police — at inquiries and investigations, with criminal offences for those who mislead the public. Directly relevant to police accountability in wrongful prosecution cases. The Bill stalled in January 2026 over provisions affecting intelligence services and has not yet returned to the Commons. The Lords debated exclusion of MPs and Peers from the misleading-the-public offence on 26 February 2026.

Sep 2025Introduced in the Commons — passed Second Reading with cross-party support
Dec 2025Public Bill Committee completed — Bill amended
Jan 2026Report Stage postponed — intelligence services provisions unresolved
TBCCommons Report Stage and Third Reading — date not yet set
Awaiting Government Response
Home Office · Independent Review

Fisher Review: "Disclosure in the Digital Age"

Jonathan Fisher KC's independent review of the criminal disclosure regime published 45 recommendations in March 2025. It found that the exponential growth of digital material has created a disclosure crisis, with resource and training failures leaving investigators unable to manage digital evidence effectively. The Government committed to a response "later in 2025" — that response remains outstanding. Part 2, focused on fraud offences, is underway.

20 Mar 2025Part 1 published — 45 recommendations on disclosure reform
Apr 2025Part 2 terms of reference published — fraud offences focus
2026Government response to Part 1 overdue — monitoring
TBCPart 2 report and Government response
Why it matters

The Fisher Review is the first independent examination of how digital evidence is disclosed in criminal proceedings. Its findings on investigator training failures and device backlogs directly support VNS's evidence base on digital forensic failures in stalking and harassment prosecutions. We will engage with the Government's response when published.

Police Accountability

Sarah Everard: five years on

Sarah Everard was abducted, raped and murdered in March 2021 by Wayne Couzens, a serving Metropolitan Police officer. Her death prompted a national reckoning on police culture, vetting failures, and violence against women. Five years later, the accountability process continues.

What happened

A serving officer. A catalogue of missed warnings.

Couzens had a history of sexual offending across multiple forces that was repeatedly ignored. He falsely arrested Sarah Everard, drove her to Kent, and murdered her. He is serving a whole-life sentence. The case exposed what the Angiolini Inquiry described as systemic failures in vetting, culture and oversight that allowed a predatory officer to remain in post.

The Angiolini Inquiry

Recommendations made. Many still not implemented.

Lady Elish Angiolini's two-part inquiry made 16 recommendations. Part 2, published December 2025, found that many remain unimplemented — including a key proposal to bar officers with prior sexual offence convictions or cautions from policing roles. Since 2021, only five forces have been rated good for vetting, while nine of eleven inspected since 2025 required improvement in handling misconduct allegations.

BBC Drama — In Production

Jeff Pope's two-part factual drama commissioned by BBC One.

A two-part factual drama written by BAFTA-winning writer Jeff Pope (Little Boy Blue, A Confession) has been commissioned by the BBC. It will examine how, over many years and across different forces, evidence of Couzens' sexual offending was repeatedly dismissed and poor vetting meant vital evidence against him was never collected. The production team is in contact with Sarah's family. No release date has been announced.

Misconduct Case — Digital Stalking

Former Met officer Joss Astley: 11 women, six years, digital forensics central.

A misconduct hearing ruled in early 2026 that former Metropolitan Police officer Joss Astley had harassed and stalked 11 women through unwanted and intrusive social media messages sent repeatedly between 2014 and 2020. The panel described the conduct as deliberate, sustained and predatory. Digital forensic evidence was central to the case. Astley would have been dismissed without notice had he still been serving. The case demonstrates both that online stalking by officers occurs at scale, and that digital forensic evidence can and should be used to establish it.

The same system that failed Sarah Everard fails wrongly accused victims.

The Couzens case exposed a culture in which complaints against officers were not investigated, red flags were ignored, and institutional protection overrode accountability. Victim Not Suspect exists at a related but distinct point of failure: the cases where that same culture causes police to pursue the wrong person entirely, prosecuting actual victims while leaving perpetrators uninvestigated. The lessons of Sarah Everard's case apply directly to the systemic reforms we advocate for.

Key Documents & Data

Resources for understanding what went wrong

These are the primary sources that matter in cases of wrongful prosecution arising from digital evidence failures — documents decision-makers use, and which strengthen any challenge to systemic failure.

DARVO: Research and Recognition

The evidence base for DARVO

DARVO is not yet a statutory term in English law, but the underlying pattern is increasingly recognised by courts, practitioners and researchers. These are the primary sources. Note: there are no reported UK judgments that explicitly name DARVO, but the behaviour it describes is well documented in family court proceedings, coercive control cases, and academic research on perpetrator tactics.

Video and audio resources

Curated links to the most useful video and audio content on DARVO, stalking, digital evidence failure, and wrongful prosecution. These are not embeds — follow the links to watch or listen.

FOI Research Programme

Building the evidence
through disclosure

We use Freedom of Information requests to build a systematic picture of how police forces handle digital evidence, device retention, victim reporting, and civil settlements.

Requests are published in full — questions asked, responses received, and analysis where data permits. Results are available for researchers, journalists, lawyers, and campaigners to draw on freely.

We also encourage individuals to make their own requests via WhatDoTheyKnow.

Request areas

Digital forensic examination rates · Device retention timescales · Civil settlement values by claim type · Community Resolution oversight and appeal rates · Victim misidentification data

Subject & Detail
Body
Period
Status
Digital forensic examination rates and device backlogs
Devices awaiting examination, average wait times, scope policies for seized devices
Multiple forces
2026
Planned
Community Resolution use, oversight and challenge processes
CRs issued, challenge and appeal rates, policy on overlap with subsequent criminal charges
Multiple forces
2026
Pending
Victim report recording in stalking and harassment cases
Rate at which victim reports are recorded where the reporting party is also under investigation
Multiple forces
2026
Planned

National Picture: Police Civil Settlements across England & Wales

Data compiled from Freedom of Information requests submitted to police forces across England and Wales by multiple researchers and journalists, including Public Interest Lawyers and Byline Times (2023–2025).

YearTotal UK Police CompensationNotes
2019/20£14.2m+Baseline year — partial data from 41 forces
2020/21£16.8m+
2021/22£29.3mHighest recorded single year
2022/23£22.5mSome forces provided partial year data
2023/24£18.2mHighest single-year figure in more recent data
Five-year aggregate (41 forces)£79.4m+Source: FOI data, Public Interest Lawyers / Byline Times analysis

Selected Force Comparison — FOI Data

Individual force data varies significantly depending on force size, claims culture, and recording practice.

ForcePeriodPayout / ClaimsSource
Metropolitan Police2023/24Largest single force; 39 individual settlements over £15k in 6 monthsMPS FOI disclosure, Nov 2023
West Yorkshire Police2021–2023Multiple six-figure payouts; wrongful arrest and data protection categoriesFOI / PIL research
Greater Manchester Police2019–2023Among top five highest-paying forces nationallyPIL / Byline Times
Avon & Somerset2019–2023Significant property damage and arrest-related claimsPIL / Byline Times
Merseyside Police2019–2023Consistent payout levels; data protection and wrongful arrestPIL / Byline Times
Claim TypeTypical RangeNotes
Property damage (inc. forced entry)£100 – £5,000Most frequent category nationally
Wrongful arrest / false imprisonment£1,000 – £15,000+Second most common; significant variation by force
Data protection / UK GDPR breach£500 – £5,000Rising category as digital evidence expands
Assault / excessive force£2,000 – £30,000+Includes custody-related incidents
Serious misconduct£10,000 – £50,000+Fewer cases; higher individual values

Sources: Public Interest Lawyers FOI research (2025); Byline Times analysis of 41 forces (April 2023); Metropolitan Police FOI disclosures (2023–24).

Live Intelligence

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Justice Committee parliament.uk

The Justice Committee scrutinises the work of the Ministry of Justice and related bodies. It is currently conducting legislative scrutiny of the Courts and Tribunals Bill.

Latest news from Justice Committee → Courts and Tribunals Bill scrutiny →
Misconduct Hearings misconduct999

Misconduct999 tracks police misconduct hearings across all 43 forces in near real-time, publishing daily hearing reports, force archives, and original FOI research.

Latest hearings at Misconduct999 → @M999Wire on X →
PEEL Inspections hmicfrs

The 2025-2028 PEEL inspection cycle is now underway, with reports publishing on a rolling basis from April 2026. Every force in England and Wales will be inspected. Reports graded as requiring improvement or inadequate for protecting vulnerable people are directly relevant to VNS's evidence base. Suffolk Constabulary was inspected in April 2026 — report pending.

All PEEL reports → Latest HMICFRS publications →
gov.uk

The Independent Office for Police Conduct oversees the police complaints system in England and Wales. Latest publications include force complaint statistics and investigation outcomes.

IOPC latest on GOV.UK → policeconduct.gov.uk →
Ongoing Monitoring

PEEL Inspection Monitor

The 2025-2028 PEEL inspection cycle is now underway. VNS tracks every published report, flagging grades for protecting vulnerable people, investigating crime, and any specific findings on digital evidence handling. These grades are evidence of the standard forces are required to meet — and whether they are meeting it.

Three reports published so far in the new cycle (March to April 2026), covering Kent, Humberside and Derbyshire. Reports roll across all 43 forces through to 2028. Suffolk Constabulary was inspected in April 2026 — report pending. All PEEL reports on HMICFRS →

30 March 2026 · New cycle

Kent Police

OUTSTANDINGOne area
GOODTwo areas
ADEQUATE (×5)Five further areas

Kent Police receives a broadly adequate report in the first new cycle assessment. No requires improvement or inadequate grades. Previous cycle noted some shortcomings in responding to the public and domestic violence protection orders.

Kent on HMICFRS →
10 April 2026 · New cycle

Derbyshire Constabulary

KEY FINDINGResponse to incidents involving children described as poor

HMICFRS found Derbyshire Constabulary's response to incidents involving children is poor. Full grades and detailed findings pending. Directly relevant to VNS's monitoring of forces' handling of vulnerable people.

Derbyshire on HMICFRS →
9 April 2026 · First report of new cycle

Humberside Police

OUTSTANDINGPreventing and deterring crime
GOODResponding to the public
ADEQUATE (×6)Six further areas including leadership, investigations and treating people fairly
REQUIRES IMPROVEMENTSafeguarding vulnerable people

One of the first reports under the new 2025-2028 framework. The requires improvement grade for safeguarding is directly relevant to VNS's evidence base on forces' handling of vulnerable people. The new framework introduces fraud and custody as graded areas for the first time.

Read the full report →
Pending publication

Suffolk Constabulary

Inspected April 2026. Report pending publication — expected summer/autumn 2026. Previous cycle (2023-25): inadequate for responding to the public, requires improvement for protecting vulnerable people and managing offenders.

Accountability

Police Misconduct
& IOPC

Police misconduct proceedings and IOPC complaints data are a matter of public record. We track national trends and link to authoritative sources. We do not publish details of individual ongoing investigations.

IOPC — 2024/25 Annual Data

Police Complaints at Record High

The IOPC's most recent annual data (April 2024–March 2025) records the highest number of complaints since the watchdog began collecting data under current legislation.

94,940
Complaints logged — 11% rise on previous year
2,428
Review applications to IOPC — up 14%
30%
Of completed IOPC reviews found force handling unreasonable
1,300
Officers referred to formal misconduct proceedings (year to Mar 2023)
Misconduct Hearings — National Tracker

Misconduct999

Misconduct999 is an independent investigative news agency that tracks police misconduct hearings, disciplinary outcomes, and criminal proceedings involving officers across all UK forces in near real-time.

It publishes daily hearing reports, force-by-force archives, and conducts original FOI research — including forcing the MOD Police to release 21 previously unpublished hearing determinations after exposing a transparency gap in early 2026.

Daily hearing coverage across all 43 forces
Full force-by-force misconduct archives
Criminal proceedings tracker for serving and former officers
Original FOI research and accountability reporting
How It Works

Misconduct Proceedings: The Basics

Police misconduct hearings are separate from and independent of criminal proceedings. They apply a civil standard of proof ("on the balance of probabilities") rather than the criminal standard.

Conducted before an independent panel — not the force itself
Outcomes range from management action to dismissal without notice
Dismissed officers can be placed on the College of Policing barred list
Acquittal in criminal proceedings does not prevent misconduct findings
Hearings are normally held in public and outcomes published
You can submit a complaint to the PSD — and escalate to the IOPC if unsatisfied
Super Complaint — August 2025

Force Responses to Stalking Super Complaint

In August 2025, the IOPC published force responses to the Suzy Lamplugh Trust super complaint on police handling of stalking. All 43 forces were required to publish action plans following 29 recommendations.

VNS tracks these responses as part of our ongoing monitoring. The super complaint addressed failures to protect stalking victims — a distinct but related issue to the wrongful prosecution of actual victims that is our primary focus.

Help & Information

If you have been wrongly accused

This is not legal advice. If you are currently facing criminal charges, seek qualified legal representation as a first priority.

Arrest, Custody & Your Rights

What happened and what comes next.

  • Police must establish both reasonable grounds and necessity for arrest (PACE Code G)
  • Always ask for free legal advice at the police station before answering questions
  • You do not have to answer questions without a solicitor present
  • A custody record must be kept accurately — you are entitled to a copy
  • Degrading conduct by officers during arrest can form the basis of a complaint
  • Arrest while medicated or during a mental health crisis is relevant to lawfulness and any complaint

Digital Evidence

How it should be handled — and how it often isn't.

  • Screenshots are not inherently reliable — they can be fabricated or taken from impersonation accounts
  • Platform verification (IP addresses, account ownership, metadata) should be sought before charge
  • Seized devices should be examined, not held indefinitely without forensic analysis
  • Your solicitor can apply for examination and disclosure of exculpatory material on your devices
  • Northumbria University (2024) found urgent compliance failures in magistrates' court digital evidence handling
  • You can instruct an independent digital forensic expert if the prosecution examination is too narrow

Community Resolutions

What they are, and how they are misused.

  • A CR is an informal disposal — not a conviction; should not appear on a standard DBS check
  • You should be told the allegation before signing — challenge immediately in writing if you were not
  • A CR obtained by misrepresentation about its nature is challengeable
  • Complain to PSD then the IOPC if a CR was improperly obtained or applied
  • It may be unlawful to prosecute conduct already formally disposed of by a CR
  • Document everything: date, officer, what you were told, what you signed, when you challenged it

Making a Complaint

The process and its limitations.

  • Complaints go first to the force's Professional Standards Department (PSD)
  • Escalate to the IOPC if unsatisfied — time limits apply, do not delay
  • Complaints may be suspended pending criminal proceedings — challenge this where the basis is weak
  • Where there is a conflict of interest, push explicitly for IOPC independent investigation
  • Keep dated copies of all correspondence
  • Your MP can write to the IOPC and table parliamentary questions on your behalf

Disclosure Rights

The prosecution must disclose material that assists your defence.

  • The Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (CPIA) governs disclosure obligations
  • The prosecution must disclose material that could reasonably assist the defence or undermine the prosecution case
  • A Defence Statement triggers secondary disclosure — your solicitor can advise on timing
  • Missing material (BWV, platform data, device forensics) can be applied for through the court
  • Non-disclosure is a serious procedural failure and can be raised as abuse of process
  • Unauthenticated screenshots without metadata or chain of custody should be formally challenged

If You Are Also a Victim

Being charged does not extinguish your victimisation.

  • You have the right to report being stalked or harassed even while under investigation
  • Police cannot lawfully refuse to investigate a victim report solely because the reporter is a suspect
  • Your victim report must be recorded and investigated — failure to do so is a recordable complaint
  • Impersonation accounts can be reported directly to platforms — keep evidence of all reports made
  • Medical evidence of psychological harm is relevant both to your defence and any civil claim
  • The timeline of who reported first, and when, is material evidence — document it carefully

Get In Touch

Contact & Connect

General Enquiries

For media, research collaboration, or general questions about our work:
info@victimnotsuspect.org

Parliamentary & Policy

We welcome engagement from parliamentarians, researchers, and policy professionals working on criminal justice reform, digital evidence standards, and victim rights.

If You Have Been Wrongly Accused

We are not solicitors and cannot provide legal advice. If you are currently facing charges, seek representation first. Our Help & Information section provides a starting point.

Share Your Experience

If you have experienced the failures we document, we may be able to include anonymised accounts in our research — subject to your case not being active. We will never publish identifying information without explicit consent.

© Victim Not Suspect 2024–2026 · victimnotsuspect.org · This website does not provide legal advice. Nothing on this site constitutes legal representation or creates a lawyer-client relationship. If you are facing criminal proceedings, seek qualified legal representation immediately.